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Terpinolene is one of cannabis' most interesting and rarest terpenes to me. Terpinolene, (δ-Terpinene) a terpene dominant in about one in ten cannabis strains, is recognized for its woody smell combined with floral citrus notes. In addition to its fresh aroma, terpinolene is known for its anti-fungal and antibacterial properties. Common plants that produce terpinene are Cumin, tea tree, parsnip, rosemary, sage, oregano, Corriander, and cannabis.
Just as different cannabinoids have different effects, so do terpenes. These unique attributes contribute to the overall composition of a strain, adding a dimension to each one’s “personality.” Though research is still substantiating terpinolene’s effects and benefits, the following uses are currently being investigated:
Terpinolene is known for its sedative properties, which is recommended when treating anxiety and insomnia. However it has been known to be energizing, uplifting, and calming. It is also mixed with lavender and lilac to treat some sleep disorders. A 2013 study found that terpinolene may be a strong anti-proliferative agent for brain tumor cells.
Effects on mood: In cannabis, terpinolene most likely contributes to cerebral stimulation and may create heightened energy and whizzing thought spirals often associated with some cannabis varieties. For some ADHD patients, this experience can be a positive one leading to further productivity, focus, and concentration.
In cannabis flower, terpinolene is found most commonly in sativa-dominant strains; it can exceed 2.5% volume by weight on the high end, while it reaches up to 5% or 6% in cartridges and concentrates, respectively. Terpinolene tends to be less prominent in edibles, which often contain less than 2% terpinolene by weight; however, it is common for this terpene to exceed 1% in edibles, which is still significant by the standards of many other terpenes.
Cultivars (strains) with Terpinolene (δ-Terpinene) Dominance
Cautions
It is important to specify normal concentrations, as some terpenes can cause irritation, allergic reaction, nausea, headache, and/or acute toxic effects at very high doses - but these doses are much higher than you would ever consume in the course of using cannabis products.
Some terpenes can be dermal irritants, so their concentration in topical products needs to be carefully controlled. Guidance from organizations such as the International Fragrance Association shows that safe limits depend both on the type of product and the individual terpene.
The pharmacological hypothesis argues that aromatic compounds such as terpenes affect mood, physiology, and behavior because they interact with the nervous and/or endocrine systems (hormones).
The terpinenes are a group of isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as monoterpenes. They each have the same molecular formula and carbon framework, but they differ in the position of carbon-carbon double bonds. α-Terpinene has been isolated from cardamom and marjoram oils, and from other natural sources. β-Terpinene has no known natural source but has been prepared from sabinene. γ-Terpinene and δ-terpinene (also known as terpinolene) have been isolated from a variety of plant sources. They are all colorless liquids with a turpentine-like odor.
Formula: C10H16
Molar mass: 136.23 g/mol
PubChem CID:
(α): 7462
(β): 66841
(γ): 7461
(δ): 11463
Melting Point: <25 °C
Boiling Point: 184-185 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.861 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor Density: ~4.7 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: ~0.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
FEMA: 3046 | TERPINOLENE
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.489(lit.)
Flash Point: 148 °F
Storage Temp: 2-8°C
Form: Clear Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.84
Water Solubility: 6.812mg/L(25 ºC)
Color: Colorless or pale straw-colored liquid.