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Camphene. noun. cam·phene ˈkam-ˌfēn. : any of several terpenes related to camphor. especially : a colorless crystalline terpene C10H16 found in three optically different forms in several essential oils, made synthetically from pinene, and used in insecticides.
Camphor was first synthesized by Gustaf Komppa in 1903. Previously, some organic compounds (such as urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but camphor was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand. Its primary natural source being the fragrant camphor tree, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae), occurs naturally in Asian countries including Japan, Taiwan and China, but has been naturalized in other parts of the World.
Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2. 1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids.
Camphene is a terpene found in cannabis, as well as other plants. It is common to conifers, such as Douglas fir and camphor tree. It is also found in nutmeg, cypress oil, bergamot oil, rosemary, valerian, holy basil, and is the distinguishing terpene found in camphor oil and mothballs.
Just as different cannabinoids have different effects, so do terpenes. These unique attributes contribute to the overall composition of a strain, adding a dimension to each one’s “personality.” Though research is still substantiating borneol effects and benefits, the following uses are currently being investigated:
Camphene, colorless and crystalline solid, is found in minute quantities in Turpentine. The odor similar as Camphor, nearly insoluble in water, but well soluble in common organic solvents.
When applied, this terpene causes a cooling sensation. It is recognized primarily for its therapeutic properties which include anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-fungal effects.
Camphene is proven for its ability to fight infections while reducing inflammation and stress.
In cannabis, camphene exudes an earthy, musky aroma and flavor-enhancing properties. Medical cannabis containing camphene may aid in general pain relief. In modest amounts, camphene in cannabis can be highly therapeutic in pain management and inflammation reduction.
Cultivars (strains) with Camphene Dominance
Cautions
Camphor was an FDA-approved topical analgesic and anesthetic used to relieve pain. However, US FDA has banned Camphor related substances from any medicinal or edible form, due to its addictive properties.
Camphor is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant with effects that range from mild CNS excitation to generalized seizures. Camphor is highly lipid soluble and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier.
Camphor is a very toxic compound which can prove fatal for infants and children on ingestion even in very small doses. The strong aroma associated with camphor has attracted its use in many oils, inhalants, and ointments, especially as a remedy for the common cold.
It is important to specify normal concentrations, as some terpenes can cause irritation, allergic reaction, nausea, headache, and/or acute toxic effects at very high doses - but these doses are much higher than you would ever consume in the course of using cannabis products.
Some terpenes can be dermal irritants, so their concentration in topical products needs to be carefully controlled. Guidance from organizations such as the International Fragrance Association shows that safe limits depend both on the type of product and the individual terpene.
The pharmacological hypothesis argues that aromatic compounds such as terpenes affect mood, physiology, and behavior because they interact with the nervous and/or endocrine systems (hormones).
Camphene is a bicyclic organic compound. It is one of the most pervasive monoterpenes. As for other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, valerian, and mango. It is produced industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. These include isobornyl acetate.
Formula: C10H16
Molar Mass: 136.238 g·mol−1
PubChem CID: 6616
Density: 0.842 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure: 3.99 hPa (20 °C)
FEMA: 2229 | CAMPHENE
Flash Point: 94 °F also found 40 °C (104 °F; 313 K)
Melting Point: 51 to 52 °C (124 to 126 °F; 324 to 325 K)
Boiling Point: 159 °C (318 °F; 432 K)
Form: Crystalline Low Melting Solid
Water Solubility:: 22mg/L at 20℃
Refractive Index: 1.4551
Specific Gravity: 0.85