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Pinene. noun. pi·nene ˈpī-ˌnēn. : either of two liquid isomeric unsaturated bicyclic terpene hydrocarbons C10H16 of which one is a major constituent of wood turpentine.
Terpenes like pinene are fragrant oils secreted in cannabis trichomes, and while they originally developed as an adaptive protection against predators, these compounds offer us humans a variety of potential benefits. And, fun fact: pinene can also be found in conifer trees, orange peels, turpentine, pine needles, rosemary, dill, basil, and parsley.
Just as different cannabinoids have different effects, so do terpenes. These unique attributes contribute to the overall composition of a strain, adding a dimension to each one’s “personality.” Though research is still substantiating pinene’s effects and benefits, the following uses are currently being investigated:
Both α-pinene and β-pinene are perhaps most noted in the scientific community for their ability to increase mental alertness, clarity, and overall cognitive functions. They also have been researched for their significant applications in bronchodilation, pain relief, epilepsy and cancer treatment, and neuroprotection. The pinenes are also widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, (targeted at treating conditions such as arthritis and fibromyalgia), antiseptic, and antioxidant.
Cultivars (strains) with α-Pinene Dominance
Cultivars (strains) with β-Pinene Dominance
Cautions
It is important to be cautious when smoking cultivars (strains) with Pinene when paired with Limonene. While Limonene pairs well with other terpenes such as Caryophyllene, Linalool, & Humulene, it can actually increase anxiety when paired with a heavy amount of Pinene. This is because both of those terpenes have a bit of a racey feel to them.
It is important to specify normal concentrations, as some terpenes can cause irritation, allergic reaction, nausea, headache, and/or acute toxic effects at very high doses - but these doses are much higher than you would ever consume in the course of using cannabis products.
Some terpenes can be dermal irritants, so their concentration in topical products needs to be carefully controlled. Guidance from organizations such as the International Fragrance Association shows that safe limits depend both on the type of product and the individual terpene.
The pharmacological hypothesis argues that aromatic compounds such as terpenes affect mood, physiology, and behavior because they interact with the nervous and/or endocrine systems (hormones).
Pinene is a collection of unsaturated bicyclic monoterpenes. Two geometric isomers of pinene are found in nature, α-pinene and β-pinene. Both are chiral.
The key difference between alpha and beta pinene is that alpha-pinene is slightly water-soluble whereas beta-pinene is not soluble in water. Because both β and α-pinene share the same plant sources, they also share similar therapeutic qualities and characteristics. Another primary differentiator between these two terpenes is their smell. Whereas α-pinene possesses the unmistakable fresh and earthy scent (think pine and rosemary), β-pinene has a fresh, woody, and spicy aromatic quality (think dill, parsley, basil or hops).
As the name suggests, pinenes are found in pines. Specifically, pinene is the major component of the liquid extracts of conifers.
Formula: C10H16
Molar mass: 136.24 g/mol
ChemSpider ID: 74205
Density: 0,86 g·cm−3 (alpha, 15 °C)
Melting point: −62 to −55 °C (−80 to −67 °F; 211 to 218 K) (alpha)
Flash Point: 90-95°F/35°C
Boiling Point: 331°F/166°C
Density: 0.858 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 6.9hPa at 20℃
FEMA: 2902 | ALPHA-PINENE
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.465(lit.)
Storage Temp: 2-8°C
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Odor Threshold: 0.018ppm
Water Solubility: insoluble